In this paper, recommended spiral passive micromixer was designed and simulated. spiral design has the potential to create and strengthen the centrifugal force and the secondary flow. A series of simulations were carried out to evaluate the effects of channel width, channel depth, the gap between loops, and flowrate on the micromixer performance. These features impact the contact area of the two fluids and ultimately lead to an increment in the quality of the mixture. In this study, for the flow rate of 25 μl/min and molecular diffusion coefficient of 1×10-10 m2/s, mixing efficiency of more than 90% is achieved after 30 (approximately one-third of the total channel length). Finally, the optimized design fabricated using proposed 3D printing method.

In this research, in order to investigate the effect of the piezoelectric patch which is used as a sensor or actuator in rotating flexible structures such as a helicopter blade, the free vibrations of the rotating rectangular sheet with and without the piezoelectric patch have been presented. First-order shear deformation theory is considered for plate displacement and piezoelectric field. Considering the effect of Coriolis acceleration, centrifugal acceleration and centrifugal in-plane forces, the equations of motion are derived from Hamilton's principle and the electromechanical couple equation is obtained from Maxwell's equation. For piezoelectric, two electrical conditions, open circuit and closed circuit, which are used in sensors and actuators, respectively, have been considered. The equations are discretized with the help of the Numerical method of generalized differential squares and the matrices of inertia mass, eccentricity, Coriolis and stiffness matrix are obtained. Natural frequency values for beam and rotating plate have been compared in Abaqus software. Also, the values obtained from the Numerical solution in MATLAB have been verified with articles and ABAQUS, which have high accuracy. The effect of parameters such as hub radius, rotation speed, sheet thickness, aspect ratio, piezoelectric patch thickness and applied voltage on the natural frequency of the system has also been investigated.

Plastic hinge properties play a crucial role in predicting the nonlinear response of structural elements. The plastic hinge region of reinforced concrete normal beams has been previously studied experimentally and analytically. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the behavior of the plastic hinge region of reinforced concrete deep beams and its comparison with normal beams through finite element simulation. To do so, ten beams contain six deep beams, and four normal beams, under concentrated and uniformly distributed loading, are investigated. Lengths in the plastic hinge region involving curvature localization, rebar yielding, and concrete crushing zones are studied. The results indicate that the curvature localization zone is not suitable for the prediction of plastic hinge length in reinforced concrete deep beams. Based on the results it can be stated that in simply supported normal beams the concrete crushing zone is focused on the middle span, but in simply supported deep beams by creating a compression strut between loading place and support, the concrete crushing zone spreads along the compression trajectory. The rebar yielding zone of simply supported beams increases as the loading type is changed from the concentrated load at the middle to the uniformly distributed load.

Objectives: The present study states what comparative methods are, introduces a criterion for applying the adjective "comparative" to these methods, and explains their advantages over survey research. It also deals with the typology of different types of comparative methods in social research with five distinctive comparison criteria, including comparison framework, comparison cases, subject of comparison, time of comparison, and observation unit. Method: The present study introduces one of the research methods in social sciences and follows a methodological work. Results: The results of this research introduce one of the very practical and useful comparative methods in macro-level social research, which is aimed at comparing many cases and is variable-oriented rather than case-oriented. Secondly, its unit of analysis is geographical-political units within a national unit. Thirdly, it has an individual viewing unit, and fourthly, it is not conditioned in terms of time as it can be used both for cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons. This method, which is called intra-country comparison, uses aggregate analysis. In terms of observing and collecting data, it can be focused on individual attributes (mental adjectives) and characteristics (objective properties) of social actors. Therefore, it can be divided into two types of survey and non-survey comparisons. The common feature of both types of this comparative method is their use of "aggregate analysis". In order to introduce this method further, the advantages of intra-country comparisons to inter-country comparisons and aggregate analysis compared to survey research are explained. Conclusion: At the end and in conclusion, turning to the real and existing conditions facing social researchers in Iran, the merits and advantages of using the comparative method within the country using aggregate analysis have been pointed out and emphasized.

Eighteen fungal strains, with cellulolytic capabilities, were isolated from the microflora of Iran. All of the isolated fungal strains produced, under the preliminary conditions of growth and enzyme production, higher extracellular cellulolytic enzymes relative to Trichoderma reesei. For one of the isolated fungal strains, which turned out to belong to the Botrytis family and Trichoderma reesei optimized growth conditions were separately established. Maximum enzyme production for T.reesei, 400 mFPU/ml was achieved during 13 days of growth in a citrate/phosphate buffered media (pH=5) at 29°C. However, the isolated Botrytis sp. produced maximally 670 mFPU/ml by day 15th of growth at 29°C and in an unbuffered citrate system (pH=7)

Comparison is highly employed in Masnavi, whether as a technique of simulating one thing to another or in its expressional sense as a device of lexical reasoning. However, disagreement with it is a major feature of Movlan`s mystical teachings specifically on the issue of recognition. Camparison as used in Masnavi sometimes means rational reasoning, sometimes conjecture, and sometimes serves as an expression in logic. Whatever the case, it is invariably oppesed to by moulana. As the major caves of human errors in recognition, it underlies many anectodes of Masnavi so that, in the ferst chapter, the reader faces different usages of this erroneous technique which are often denounced.The present article deals with Movlana`s concern about comparison by bringing in its different meanings and looking at a number of anecdotes in Masnave. As a poet, Moulana is supposed to have dealt with similarities, however, as a mystic speculator, he has just focused on differences and previlages. This indicates his poetic skill combined with speculative capability as well as mystical commitment by virtue of which he views comparison wrong and as a seurce of error. This is particularly true when he speaks of metaphysical facts and experiences, entities that are solely at the disposal of a mystic. In spite of all this and quite interestingly, Moulana is found at time to give up to comparisons when explaining certain moral and mystical issues.